matplotlib.rcParams.update({
    "pgf.texsystem": "pdflatex",
    'font.family': 'serif',
    # 'text.usetex': True, # comment to support bold font in legend, and font will be bolder
    # 'pgf.rcfonts': False,
})

# mpl
fig.set_size_inches(w= 0.5 * x_count * (group_count+1.5), h=5.75 * 0.8) #(8, 6.5)

# plotly
fig.update_layout(height=350, width=50 * graph_data.size(),
                  margin=dict(b=10, t=10, l=20, r=5),
                  bargap=0.2 # x tick distance, 1 is the normalize-distance of adjacent bars
                  )

# mpl: Adjust the left margin to make room for the legend, left & right chart vertical line position from [0,1]
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.8)

# mpl:
x = np.arange(len(graph_data.x))  # the label locations, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
# set the bar move to arg1 with name arg2
ax.set_xticks(x + (group_count-1)*0.5*width, graph_data.x)
plt.xticks(fontsize=graph_data.fontsize+4)
# Adjust x-axis limits to narrow the gap
plt.xlim(-(0.5+gap_count)*width, 
        x_count - 1 + (group_count-1)*width + (0.5+gap_count)*width)
    

# plotly

# mpl
ax.set_ylabel(yaxis_title, 
              fontsize=graph_data.fontsize,
              fontweight='bold')
plt.grid(True, which='major',axis='y', zorder=-1.0) # line and bar seems need to set zorder=10 to cover it
plt.yticks(np.arange(0, max_y ,10), fontsize=graph_data.fontsize) # step 10
plt.yscale('log',base=10) # or plt.yscale('linear')
ax.set_ylim(0.1, max_y)
## highlight selected y-label: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/73597796/make-one-y-axis-label-bold-in-matplotlib

# plotly
fig.update_layout(
      yaxis_range=[0,maxY],                   
      yaxis=dict(
          rangemode='tozero',  # Set the y-axis rangemode to 'tozero'
          dtick=maxY/10,
          gridcolor='rgb(196, 196, 196)', # grey
          gridwidth=1,
      ),
)

# mpl ?

# plotly: Add a rectangle shape to cover the entire subplot area
fig.add_shape(type="rect",
            xref="paper", yref="paper",
            x0=0, y0=0,
            x1=1, y1=1,
            line=dict(color="black", width=0.7))

# mpl: 
ax.legend(loc='upper left', ncols=3, fontsize=graph_data.fontsize)
# legend out-of-figure, (1.02, 1) means anchor is upper right corner
plt.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(1.02, 1), borderaxespad=0)

# Calculate the legend width based on the figure width
fig_size = plt.gcf().get_size_inches()
fig_width = fig_size[0]
# Move the legend to the center above the ceiling line
plt.legend(loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 1.1), 
  ncol=2,  # ncol=2 to have labels in one line
  frameon=False,  # frameon=False removes the legend box outline
  columnspacing=fig_width, # distance between each label
  handlelength=1.0, # label-box width (unit is text fontsize)
  handleheight=1.0, # label-box heigh (unit is text fontsize)
  prop={'size': 20, 'weight': 'bold'} # text fontsize          
) 

# mpl: white hugo hatch with black bar edge.
# Problem: because the bug of mpl. hatch color follow the edge color
# Solved: draw bar twice, first the white hugo hatch with white bar edge. Second empty figure with black bar edge.
# white doubel ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38168948/how-to-decouple-hatch-and-edge-color-in-matplotlib
# ref2: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71424924/how-to-change-the-edge-color-of-markers-patches-in-matplotlib-legend
color_palette = ['black', (193/255, 1/255, 1/255), 'w', (127/255, 126/255, 127/255), 'blue']
pattern_list = ["", "/", "+", "\\", "x"]
edgecolor_list = ['w', 'w', (0/255, 176/255, 80/255), 'w', 'w']
    
ax.bar(x + offset, measurement, width, label=species_name,
                       color=color_palette[idx],
                        hatch = pattern_list[idx],
                        edgecolor=edgecolor_list[idx],
                        linewidth=1,
                     )
ax.bar(x + offset, measurement, width, label=species_name,
            color = "none",
            edgecolor='black', linewidth=1,
              )
# related legend: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71424924/how-to-change-the-edge-color-of-markers-patches-in-matplotlib-legend
handles1, labels1 = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
plt.legend([handles1[2*idx]+handles1[2*idx+1] for idx in range(group_count)], 
            [labels1[2*idx] for idx in range(group_count)],  
            loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 1.12), 
            ncol=group_count,  # have labels in one line
            frameon=False,
            # bbox_transform=plt.gcf().transFigure,
            columnspacing=legend_width, 
            # handlelength=1.0, 
            handleheight=1.2, 
            prop={'size': graph_data.fontsize,
                'weight': 'heavy'}
) 


# plotly: find the overflow
overflow_pattern = ["/" if y > maxY  else "" for y in entry[1]]
fig.add_bar(x=x,y=yList, 
    name=barName, 
    marker=dict(
        color=color_list[i],
        pattern_shape = overflow_pattern,
        line=dict(color='black', width=2)
        ),
    textfont=dict(size=graph_data.fontsize),
)
# legend 
legend_num = len( barDict.items())
fig.update_layout(barmode="relative", 

        # legend_title="Legend Title",
        legend = dict(
          entrywidthmode='fraction', # https://plotly.com/python/legend/
          entrywidth= 0.2,
          x=0.5 - 0.5 * legend_num * 0.2,        # Set x to 0.5 for the center
          y=1.2,       # Set y to a value greater than 1 to move it above the plot
          orientation="h",  # Display legend items in a single line
        ),
)

ax.text(1, -1.6, 'Increasing', ha="center")

# first parameter is text, xy is the anchor point, xytext is the text, 
# xytext 2 xy is a relative distance
ax.annotate('yahaha', xy=(0, -0.1), xycoords='axes fraction', xytext=(1, -0.1))

# mpl: from 1*1 size full-graph (0.5,0.2) to point (1,0.8)
# transform=gcf().transFigure : gcf() stands for "get current figure," and .transFigure indicates that the coordinates provided in [0.5, 0.5], [0, 1] are in figure-relative coordinates. This means that the line's position is defined relative to the entire figure, not just the axes
# clip_on=False : This setting means that the line is not clipped at the edges of the axes. It allows the line to extend beyond the axes' boundaries.
from pylab import *  
plot([0.5, 1], [0.2, 0.8], color='lightgreen', linestyle='--', lw=1 ,transform=gcf().transFigure, clip_on=False)

# mpl: arrow from xy 2 xytext
# xycoords='figure fraction' to Add annotation to the figure (full graph)
ax.annotate('', xy=(0, -0.1), xycoords='axes fraction', xytext=(1, -0.1),\
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color='violet'))

# mpl:
ax.axhline(y=12, color='red', linestyle='--', label='Horizontal Line at y=12')
ax.axvline(x=3, color='green', linestyle='-.', label='Vertical Line at x=3')

# plotly ref: https://plotly.com/python/horizontal-vertical-shapes/
fig.add_vline(x=2.5, line_width=3, line_dash="dash", line_color="green") # dot
fig.add_hline(y=0.9)

fig = go.Figure()

 # color from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68596628/change-colors-in-100-stacked-barchart-plotly-python
 color_list = ['rgb(29, 105, 150)', \
             'rgb(56, 166, 165)', \
    'rgb(15, 133, 84)',\
          'rgb(95, 70, 144)']
 sumList = [0 for i in range(len(x[0]))]
 for i, entry in enumerate( barDict.items()):
  barName=entry[0]
  yList = entry[1]
  ic(sumList,yList)
  sumList = [x + y for x, y in zip(yList, sumList)]
  fig.add_bar(x=x,y=yList, 
              name=barName, 
              text =[f'{val:.2f}' for val in yList], 
              textposition='inside',
              marker=dict(color=color_list[i]),
              error_y=dict(
    type='data',
    symmetric=False,
    color='purple',
    array=[i-j for i,j in zip(up_error,sumList)],
    arrayminus=[i-j for i,j in zip(sumList,down_error)],
       thickness=2, width=10),
              textfont=dict(size=8)
  )